var presentation = ["warning<\/word>","toxic<\/word>","ash<\/word>","air<\/word>","eruption<\/word>","Sometimes a volcano roars to life with little or no warning<\/strong>. That's what happened in late September when Japan's Mount Ontake belched toxic<\/strong> fumes and ash<\/strong> into the air<\/strong>, killing dozens of hikers. Other volcanoes, like Iceland's Bardarbunga, give some warning<\/strong> of an impending eruption<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","Sensors<\/word>","rumblings<\/word>","warning<\/word>","eruption<\/word>","ash<\/word>","Iceland's 30 active volcanoes<\/word>","Scientists began getting clues that Bardarbunga was stirring to life weeks before it erupted this August: Sensors<\/strong> had detected rumblings<\/strong> in Earth's crust nearby. Despite the warning<\/strong>, no one knew if the recent eruption<\/strong> would become dangerous. Back in 2010, ash<\/strong> from a volcano in Iceland grounded thousands of airplanes-stranding millions of passengers. Since then, scientists have begun closely monitoring Iceland's 30 active volcanoes<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","predict<\/word>","eruption<\/word>","FutureVolc<\/word>","warning<\/word>","So far, there's no reliable way to predict<\/strong> when or where on Earth the next big eruption<\/strong> will occur. Scientists from a project called FutureVolc<\/strong>, which is monitoring Iceland's volcanoes, want to change that. \"We hope to develop better warning<\/strong> systems all over the world,\" says earth scientist Aoife Braiden.<\/phrase>","structure<\/word>","geology<\/word>","complex<\/word>","Mid-Atlantic Ridge<\/word>","two tectonic plates<\/word>","Magma<\/word>","lava<\/word>","WHAT LURKS BENEATH\nIceland's explosiveness results from the structure<\/strong> of the earth beneath it. \"The geology<\/strong> in Iceland is quite complex<\/strong>,\" says Braiden. The island nation sits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge<\/strong>, a border between two tectonic plates<\/strong> that are gradually sliding away from each other. Magma<\/strong>, or liquid rock, pushes through the cracks between them and oozes to the surface as lava<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","Mid-Atlantic Ridge<\/word>","Ocean<\/word>","lava<\/word>","seafloor<\/word>","Most of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge<\/strong> runs along the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean<\/strong>. lava<\/strong> that emerges there hardens into new seafloor<\/strong>. But where the ridge cuts across Iceland, lava<\/strong> erupts from volcanoes on land.<\/phrase>","hot spot<\/word>","Magma<\/word>","volcanically active regions<\/word>","Additionally, Iceland is situated on a hot spot<\/strong>, an area where heat wells up from deep within the planet. That heat melts rock into Magma<\/strong>, making the country one of the most volcanically active regions<\/strong> in the world. That makes Iceland an ideal place to study volcanoes.<\/phrase>","warning<\/word>","hard to<\/word>","measure<\/word>","New tools<\/word>","GATHERING CLUES\nMost volcanoes give warning<\/strong> signs before they erupt. But these signs have been hard to<\/strong> measure<\/strong> since it's dangerous to work near a volcano. New tools<\/strong> are helping scientists study volcanoes remotely.<\/phrase>","FutureVolc<\/word>","Sensors<\/word>","detect gases<\/word>","Magma<\/word>","rocks<\/word>","eruption<\/word>","measure vibrations<\/word>","FutureVolc<\/strong> is looking for signs of activity using high-tech Sensors<\/strong> that they've placed near volcanoes all over Iceland. Sensors<\/strong> near cracks in Earth's crust can detect gases<\/strong> that could indicate the movement of Magma<\/strong> beneath the surface. Sensors<\/strong> on rocks<\/strong> can detect the crust rising before an eruption<\/strong>. Others can measure vibrations<\/strong> that pulse through the crust during earthquakes. \"Earthquakes within a volcano are often the first sign that it's coming alive,\" says Braiden.<\/phrase>","Data<\/word>","network<\/word>","Sensors<\/word>","erupt next<\/word>","Data<\/strong> from the network<\/strong> of Sensors<\/strong> may someday help scientists figure out which volcano could erupt next<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","SAFETY<\/word>","predict<\/word>","FutureVolc<\/word>","how ash spreads<\/word>","eruption<\/word>","FOR SAFETY<\/strong>'S SAKE\nStill, scientists may never be able to predict<\/strong> exactly when a volcano will erupt, says Braiden. That's why FutureVolc<\/strong> is also studying how ash spreads<\/strong> during an eruption<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","humans and animals<\/word>","ash<\/word>","damage their lungs<\/word>","pollute<\/word>","\"If humans and animals<\/strong> breathe in the ash<\/strong>, it can damage their lungs<\/strong>,\" says Braiden. ash<\/strong> also can pollute<\/strong> lakes and rivers. 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